1942 - He joined the army and worked in the De-Nazification Section.
1945 - He studied at the Chicago Art Institute and the Art Students League, New York, and married May Stevens, an arts activist.
1949-1950 - He studied in Paris with Fernand Læger.
1960-1990 - A painter, political abstractionist and self-styled practitioner of "socialist formalism," he led virtually every progressive political movement within the New York art world.